Everything about Nerchinsk Treaty totally explained
The
Treaty of Nerchinsk (Russian: Нерчинский договор, Chinese: 尼布楚 條約, Pinyin: Níbùchǔ tiáoyuē) was the first treaty between
Russia and the
Qing Empire. It was signed in
Nerchinsk on
August 27,
1689 as a result of the
Russian-Manchu border conflicts over the region of
Priamurye. The signatories were
Songgotu on behalf of the Qing Emperor and
Fedor Golovin on behalf of the Russian tsars
Peter I and
Ivan V.
According to this treaty, Russia gave up its hopes of gaining access to the
Sea of Japan, but
established trade relations with the
Qing Dynasty of China. The Russian outpost of
Albazin, which had been a source of conflict between China and Russia, was to be abandoned and destroyed. The border between Russia and China was traced along the
Stanovoy Ridge and the
Argun River.
Jean-François Gerbillon and
Thomas Pereira, two
Jesuits present at the negotiations, translated the treaty into three languages (Russian, Manchu, and Latin), but these versions differed considerably. The treaty had no official Chinese text. In 1727, a new treaty was concluded,
Treaty of Kiakhta, which opened
Kiakhta for caravan trade and further clarified the border between the two empires.
The conditions of the two treaties were substantially revised to Russia's benefit by the
Aigun Treaty of
1858 and the
Beijing Treaty of
1860, which established the Russo-Chinese border roughly corresponding to that of today.
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